Achievement Timeline:
What follows is a chronological list of some very influential scientific achievements.
35000 BC The Origins of Counting and Writing
3000 BC Astronomy Before History: Egyptians, Babylonians, Chinese
530 BC An Early Scientist: Pythagorus
350 BC Science as Differentiated from Philosophy: Aristotle
320 BC The Origins of Botany: Theophrastus
300 BC Euclidean Geometry: Euclid
260 BC Revolutionary mathematics and mechanics: Archimedes
240 BC Finding the Circumference of the Earth: Eratosthenes
134 BC Making Accurate Astronomical Predictions: Hipparchus
140 An Earth-centered Universe: Ptolemy
876 The Mathematical Concept of Zero: Brahmagupta
1202 The Early Formulation of Algebra: Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa)
1435 The Renaissance: Artistic Proportion and Perspective: Alberti and Francesca
1543 A Sun Centered Universe: Nicolas Copernicus
1609 The Laws of Planetary Motion: Johannes Kepler
1610 Astronomical Imperfections: Galileo Galilei
1638 Acceleration due to Gravity is not Determined by Mass: Galileo Galilei
1687 Principia Mathematica; The Laws of Motion and Gravity: Isaac Newton
1765 Overturning the Theory of Spontaneous Generation: Lazzaro Spallanzani
1774 Combustion; The Chemical Processes Responsible for Fire: Joseph Priestly
1796 The Origin of the Solar System: Pierre Simon de Laplace
1799 Electric Battery: Alessandro Volta
1800 The Wave Nature of Light: Thomas Young
1808 Atomic Theory: John Dalton
1820 Understanding Electromagnetism: Oersted, Ampere, Faraday
1839 Cellular Theory: Theodor Schwann
1842 The Doppler Effect: Christian Doppler
1847 The Laws Describing Thermodynamics: Rumford, Carnot, Joule, Clausius
1856 The Discovery of Neanderthal Man: William King, Hermann Schaaffhausen
1859 The Origin of Species: Charles Darwin
1861 Locating The Area of the Brain that Enables Speech: Pierre Paul Broca
1863 The Greenhouse Effect: John Tyndall
1864 Understanding Electricity and Magnetism: James Clerk Maxwell
1865 The Laws of Inheritance: Gregor Mendel
1878 Germ Theory: Louis Pasteur
1895 The Unconscious Mind: Sigmund Freud
1896 Radioactivity: Becquerel, Curie, Curie, Rutherford and Soddy
1897 The Electron: Joseph John Thomson
1900 Light is Composed of Discrete Parts or Quanta: Max Planck
1903 Chaos Theory: Jules Henri Poincare
1904 Conditioned Reflexes: Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov
1905 Special Relativity: Albert Einstein
1908 Brownian Motion: Brown, Boltzmann, Einstein, Perrin
1911 Superconductivity: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 Continental Drift: Alfred Wegener
1913 Model of the Atom: Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr
1914 Neurotransmitters: Dale, Barger, Loewi
1915 General Relativity: Albert Einstein
1918 Neo-Darwinism: Fisher, Haldane, Wright
1920 Stellar Evolution: Eddington, Bethe, Weizsacker, Hertzsprung, Russell
1925 Wave Particle Duality: Heisenberg, Schrodinger, and de Broglie
1929 The Universe Is Expanding Rapidly: Edwin Hubble
1935 Animal Instinct: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen
1938 Behavioral Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning: Burrhus Skinner
1946 The Computer: Alan Turing, John von Neumann
1946 Photosynthesis: Melvin Calvin
1947 The First Transistor: Shockley, Brattain, Bardeen
1952 Understanding Nerves: Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley
1953 The Double-Helical Structure of DNA: James Watson and Francis Crick
1953 The Origin of Cellular Life: Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
1961 Hayflick Limit: Leonard Hayflick
1965 The Cosmic Microwave Background: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
1967 Plate Tectonics: Drummond Matthews, Frederick Vine and Dan McKenzie
1969 The Apollo Mission: Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins
1969 Defining the Five Kingdoms of Life: Robert Whittaker
1974 The Characteristics of Black Holes: Steven Hawking
1983 A Neuroscientific Explanation for Memory: Eric Kandel
1984 Superstrings; An Effort to Unify Physics: Michael Boris and John Schwarz
1996 Dolly the Cloned Sheep: Ian Wilmut
2000 The Human Genome Sequence: HGSC and Celera Genomics
